Year 10: Urban Sprawl or Consolidation: Jordan Springs

1. Is this an example of urban consolidation or urban sprawl? Why?
This is an example of urban sprawl due to the non existing urban infrastructure of the area. they are creating a new suburb over natural occurring forestry and environment.  its also away from a major city (Sydney), spreading of urban areas. there is a low density housing, meaning there is a lot of homes for few people.
2. Do you think that this development is positive or negative for the surrounding community? For Sydney? For Australia?
This new development could be both a positive and a negative for Sydney. It could bring money into Sydney and increase the wealth of the city but also it could reduce amount of money that is currently coming into Sydney. With the new suburb it can introduce a new business aspect and transportation of goods. it also provides new jobs for people. but it also can be expensive due to the transport and ect, and by taking people and business man from Sydney it can lead to the eventual break down or decrease of the Infrastructure of Sydney. 

The Issue of Urban Sprawl

1. As a city’s population increases, the easy solution is to simply add more suburbs to the edge of the city to accommodate people. This causes the city to spread outwards in a process known as urban sprawl but does lead to the eventual cutting down or demolishing of forests and other natural habitats. 


2. land within the existing city’s boundary is developed with high-rise apartment complexes, town houses and villa developments, this is known as urban consolidation.


3. A highly urbanised country, is a country in which has a very high density, referring to the population and also doesn't have a very large natural influence.


4.
 i) the natural environment surrounding the city is depleted
ii) productive farmland that supplied fresh produce to the city is consumed by the new suburbs
iii) pollution problems increase.

5. The appealing characteristics of living on the coast have influenced the location of Australia's capital cities. All but one are located on the coast where most people prefer to live.

6. 

• a high population density

a high proportion of the population working in

manufacturing and/or professional or service-related

industries

• they are centres of business, trade, tourism,

entertainment and finance.

7. Australian cities have a very high population density compared to most other cities in the world as almost all of the population live in cities and not many live in the country towns and central Australia.

8.  One of the changing aspects of Australian cities is the movement towards higher population densities within the city. In a process known as urban consolidation, land within the existing city’s boundary is developed with high-rise apartment complexes, townhouses and villa developments. The advantage of this style of development is that the infrastructure like public transport, electricity and water supplies are already built for the developments—it means they are used more intensively. All Australian cities face the need to control urban sprawl and so are moving in the direction of urban consolidation.

9.  Urban planners have had to be innovative in their design of apartments and new estates to manage the impacts of population growth in cities. 

10. a. Melbourne

b. The amount of people per square kilometer

c. Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Wollongong, Perth, Gold Coast, Newcastle, Canberra, Brisbane, Gosford

d. 7/10

11. The residents will have complaints about the buildings blocking their view, their sunlight as well as lots of noise and inconvenient travel routes. The structures will make the community become densly populated therefore having longer lines at shops etc.

12. In houses you can have your own garden and private pool/spa as well as easy access in and out of your house. But apartments are usually seen as safer because they have better security systems to stop people entering the building.

• Define the following terms and include an example of each and explain how your example relates the word:
• 
  
• Aesthetics
a branch of philosphy dealing with the idea of looks. Commonly used today to describe how something looks
• Safety
• occurrence or risk of danger, injury or loss
• Slums
a thickly populated, run-down, squalid part of a city, inhabited by poor people
• Decay
to become decomposed
• Reconstruction and renewal
the act of starting to begin or construct once again
• Transport
to carry, move, or convey from one place to another
• Suburbanization
to give suburban characteristics to
• Environmental factors
factors that affect the environment
• Light and sound
light-something that makes things visible
sound-the sensation produced by stimulation of the organs of hearing by vibrations transmittedthrough the air or other medium.

7.8 questions 1-14 (excpet 11) :)

1. Stuarts Point, which is a small village located on the mid north coast of New South Wales.

2. 1970's - one of the first large-scale beach vegetation schemes in New South Wales was conducted on the sand dunes at Stuarts Point.

3. The local community is needed to help stabilise the sand dune system along with other councils and organisations in the surrounding area and by doing this the local community would help the fishing and tourism industries in the area.

4. The sand dune area at Stuarts point is important because it ensures that the fishing and tourism industries aren't affected and it also ensures that the sea doesn't breach the wall in severe storms like it has done a few times in the past, resulting in the destruction of property and other precious vegetation.

5. The main species of vegetation on the beachfront consists of grasses and creepers. the secondary species includes shrubs and short lived trees, highly adapted prolific re-seeders and fast growing plants. the tertiary species at the back of the beachfront includes long lived trees.

6. Having vegetation growing in and around the sand dunes, it traps the sand so it doesn't blow away and therefore cause problems with the over all development of the dunes. If there is a strong wind and there is no vegetation on the beachfront all the sand from the dunes will be taken from them, reducing them to a smaller size.  

7. Cattle grazing had a dramatic effect on the dune system as the cattle devoured the vegetation present on the dunes, this in tum allowed the wind to blow away the sand and heavy storms to overpower the weak  wall of sand.

8. Cattle grazing would have primarily destroyed all living vegetation in the sand dune. this would have allowed things like erosion to happen as the sand is now able to be lifted and blown away. as the sand wall now becomes increasingly fragile the heavy seas also slam against the wall of sand.

9. The groups involved in the rehabilitation program included the Department of Lands, the Department of Public Works, The Macleay Shire Council, and the Soil Conservation Service of New South Wales

10. The first step in the rehabilitation program was the use of machinary which would allow the people to form a small foredune. on top of this a dune-forming a fence was constructed to help trap the wind blown sand to help establish a foredune. the next stage involved the planting of trees along the riverbank to stabilise the western margin of the area. and finally, after the planting of the trees was completed, native seedlings were planted into the area between the fordune and the riverbank.

12. the geographical processes that would have caused the macleay river entrance to silt up in 1900 are refraction as the waves would need to bend around the mouth of the river. this would have caused the waves to clash and in turn would create a small underwater sand island over a period of time.

13. a) the stabilising of the sand dunes was extremely successful as the large foredune on the beachfront is now 3-4 metres high and is negligible.

 

b) the protection of the macleay river system is successful in some ways and not in others. the problem of silting and an unstable sand dune have been conquered but the revegetation project has now introduced a noxious weed known as biteau bush which runs the entire length of the foredune.

c) many groups in the local community have benefited from the revegetation project undertaken at Stuart's point. the community itself is now able to lead their usual lifestyles without worrying about the fishing and tourism industries as much as before. also the knowledge that this management strategy works is beneficial for every group that took a part in the revegetation project. this management strategy is now being used across New South Wales for the benefit of the environment and the surrounding ecosystem.

Jaw333! Big wave spot

Jaws (or Pe'ahi) is the name given to a big wave surfing reef break on the island of Maui in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is located on the northern side of the island between mile markers 13 and 14 on the Hana highway and sits at the base of rolling sugar cane field hills. The surf break, a deep water reef break, is called "Jaws" due to the size and ferocity of the waves. The waves at "Jaws" can reach heights of 120 ft (36.6m) on the face of the wave, moving as fast as 30 mph (48.3 km/h).

The jaws break in Hawaii is not for the faint hearted, it is the biggest break present in the world today and seems as though it can not be matched. In order for the surf at "Jaws" to reach its extreme heights, many specific ocean and weather conditions must prevail concurrently. Because ocean swells large enough to produce this kind of surf occur only during winter months, primarily between December and February, they typically coincide with very strong winds which have a large effect on the surf. Other swells, particularly the small but powerful trade wind swells, can make the surf choppy and difficult to ride. There are several other surf spots around the world that boast similar wave heights; however, "Jaws" is famous for its wave forming quality. The reef and rocks at "Jaws" are shaped in a way that magnify incoming swell energy and produce clean and well defined right and left-directional waves with gigantic barreling (hollow, air-filled wave interior) sections.

Monday 28/2: Summarising the TRESB Project

Why it became hazardous:

1. Tweed River became hazardous to shipping because of sandbars that were forming across the river mouth. A solution needed to be thought up to solve this issue, where the TRESBP was brought in. 

Solution to this issue:

2. The solution to this issue was to construct breakwaters to stabilise the river entrance and help keep it clear of sand. but in the end it only caused the build up of more sand, causing the same issue which was present before hand.

Successful or not:

3. to start of with the solution was successful but due to sand build up they had to be extended out further. I believe that it was a quick solution to the problem but it will be a problem for the future and a better solution will need to be assessed and put into action.